动词的基本分类和情态动词用法归纳

动词的基本分类和情态动词用法归纳
动词是很重要也是常考的一类词，根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为行为动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词等。学习的重点在于连系动词，情态动词在高考具体题型中的应用。
介词包括单个借此和短语介词，比如常见时间介词，地点和位置移动类的介词，还有排除类介词等。学习的重点在于动词与介词的搭配成的动词短语，或某些介词短语中的介词的选择和确定方面。
动词的基本分类和用法
表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为行为动词（根据动词后可否带宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词；根据动词是否用于进行时态分为静态动词和动态动词）、连系动词（状态系动词:be;持续系动词:keep/rest/remain/stay/ lie/stand/last/continue;表像系动词:seem/appear/look;感官系动词:feel/ smell/sound/taste;变化系动词:become/grow/turn/ fall/ get/go/ come/run;终止系动词:prove/turn out ）、助动词（be/do/have/shall/will及其变化形式）和情态动词（can/may/must/need/dare/could/might/would/used to）四类，有些动词是兼类词。如：
① We have lunch at 12. 我们12点吃午饭。（have是行为动词）
② We have been to New York. 我们去过纽约。（have是助动词）
③ I am hungry. 我饿了。（am是连系动词）
④ She was beaten on the way home. 她在回家的路上被人打了。（was是助动词）
⑤ You needn’t have waited for me. 你本来不必等我。（need是情态动词）
⑥ The door needs painting. 这个门需要油漆了。（needs及物动词）
高中新课标英语单词
 人教初中英语
 高中英语课文原文

情态动词
这类词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可能”、“应当”等。 can/could, may/might, must/have to,should/shall/ought to,would/used to,need/dare等。它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词（原形）一起作谓语，表示完整的意思，例如：
I can dance.（我会跳舞。）can, 能, 会
He can’t walk because he is a baby.（因为他是个婴儿，不会走路。）can’t, 不必
May I come in？（我可以进来吗？）may, 可以

1. Since Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in 2012,his fans have been eagerly waiting for his new novels to .
A.come out B.turn out C.bring out D.go out
2. Among so many people at the party,I John,one of my classmates after 20 years.
A.looked up B.picked out C.took up D.brought out
3. But someday,all the work we have done will ;we will go to college and go on to have a suitable job.
A.turn down B.pay off C.work out D.get away
4. In making a scientific experiment,one should not be by temporary setbacks but should stick to doing it hopefully.
A.cast down B.put away C.taken in D.put out
5. —I got a text message saying my phone number won a prize worth $5,000.
—Too good to be true.Don’t it.
A.make B.do C.hold D.buy
6.To my mind, the secret to happiness your successful work and your contribution towards others’ happiness.
A.results in B.consists in C.brings in D.takes in
7. He is,how shall I ,not fat but rather well built.
A.put it B.make it C.mean it D.get it
8. I have all my papers but I still can’t find my notes.
A.looked out B.looked for C.looked down on D.looked through
9. The government plans to import Chinese cabbage from China,as the recent rainstorm has the price.
A.driven up B.taken up C.set up D.looked up
10. The green-hand cook the soup by putting in too much salt accidentally.
A.spoiled B.damaged C.injured D.harmed
4.A 【解析】根据与but后内容的对比可知,此处应用cast down表示不应该在挫折面前“垂头丧气”。put away“收好”;take in“吸收,欺骗”;put out“扑灭”。
5.D 【解析】句意:——我收到一条短信说我的电话号码中了价值5,000美元的奖。——这也太好了,不可能是真的。不要相信它。buy “接受,相信(尤指不大可能是真实的事情)”,符合句意。
6.B 【解析】句意:在我看来,快乐的秘密在于你成功的工作和对别人快乐的贡献。result in“导致”;consist in“在于”;bring in“引进”;take in“吸收,欺骗”。
7.A 【解析】句意:怎么说呢,他不是胖而是身强力壮。put “表达,说”,how shall I put it表示 “怎么说呢”。
8.D 【解析】句意:我已经查看了我所有的文件,但还是没能找到我的笔记。look out“当心”;look for“寻找”;look down on“轻视”;look through“彻底查看”。
9.A 【解析】drive up“抬高”;take up“占用,从事”;set up“树立,建立”;look up“查(词典),抬头看”。四个短语中只有drive up和价格有关,表示“抬高(价格)”,故A项正确。
10.A 【解析】句意:那位新手厨师意外地放了太多的盐,把汤烧坏了。spoil“弄糟”,符合句意。damage“损害”;injure“受伤”;harm“伤害”。